What word means 'hardening of the artery'?

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Arteriosclerosis means hardening of the arteries. The root arterio- refers to arteries, and the suffix -sclerosis means hardening or stiffening, so the term literally describes arterial walls that have become stiff. The other terms describe different things: arteriopathy is any disease of an artery, arteritis is inflammation of an artery, and arteriospasm is a spasm or narrowing caused by arterial contraction. Keep in mind that atherosclerosis is a common form of arteriosclerosis characterized specifically by plaque buildup, which is why the general concept of hardening is captured by arteriosclerosis.