What is an effect of hemoconcentration and how can it occur?

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Hemoconcentration raises the measured concentration of constituents in a blood sample by decreasing the plasma water relative to the formed elements. This happens when venous blood flow is impeded, such as when a tourniquet is left on for too long or the patient repeatedly pumps their fist during collection. As plasma water is drawn away and retained in tissues, analytes like proteins, total cholesterol, and certain enzymes can appear falsely elevated. The other statements don’t fit because they suggest a real decrease in levels, no impact, or omit the common causes that drive this effect.