To perform ABG punctures, a phlebotomist must undergo extensive training.

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Arterial blood gas sampling is not a routine venipuncture; it requires precision and careful technique because arteries are high-pressure vessels and closer to nerves and tendons. This makes the procedure more risky, with potential complications like hematoma, arterial injury, thrombosis, vasospasm, or infection if not done correctly. Training covers choosing the right artery (often the radial site), confirming collateral circulation (such as with an Allen test), maintaining strict sterile technique, and using a proper heparinized syringe while avoiding air contamination. It also includes rapid, correct handling and transport of the sample to preserve integrity and accurate results, along with understanding indications, contraindications, and how to respond to any complications. For these reasons, extensive training is necessary before performing ABG punctures.